

In this scenario, a forensic investigator should not rely on the existing software as it might have been compromised. Often PLCs (especially older ones) are only protected by an outer line of defense (e.g., a firewall) but once an attacker gains access to the system or the network, there might not be any other defense layers.

Given their broad deployment in critical systems, they became and still are a common target for cyber attacks the most prominent one being Stuxnet.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are common components implemented across many industries such as manufacturing, water management, travel, aerospace and hospitals to name a few.
